[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":116},["ShallowReactive",2],{"activity-en-3.16":3,"sector-for-en-3.16":89},{"id":4,"title":5,"activityCode":6,"activityType":7,"body":8,"description":71,"dnsh":72,"extension":77,"meta":78,"naceCodes":79,"navigation":81,"path":82,"sector":83,"seo":84,"stem":85,"substantialContribution":86,"__hash__":88},"activities_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-16-nitric-acid.md","Manufacture of Nitric Acid","3.16","standard",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":61},"minimark",[11,16,20,23,26,30,33,37,40,44,47,51,54,58],[12,13,15],"h2",{"id":14},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-mitigation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation",[17,18,19],"p",{},"The specific GHG emissions from nitric acid production must not exceed 0.302 tCO2e per tonne of nitric acid (100% concentration), corresponding to the EU ETS product benchmark. This threshold is dominated by N2O emissions (which have a GWP of 273 over 100 years per AR6) from the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, plus direct CO2 emissions from energy use and indirect emissions from electricity consumption.",[17,21,22],{},"BAT as defined in the Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC-AAF) BREF requires N2O abatement achieving residual emission levels below 0.12-0.45 kg N2O per tonne of nitric acid (100%), depending on plant type and abatement technology. Secondary abatement (catalytic decomposition in the reactor) and\u002For tertiary abatement (catalytic reduction in the tail gas using hydrocarbons or ammonia as reductant) must achieve combined N2O destruction efficiency above 98.5%.",[17,24,25],{},"Modern dual-pressure plants operating at 8-12 bar absorption pressure achieve higher acid concentrations with lower tail gas losses. Energy recovery via tail gas expansion turbines must be optimised to reduce net energy consumption. Plants producing weak acid (typically 50-65%) must include concentration stages with efficient heat integration.",[12,27,29],{"id":28},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-adaptation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Adaptation",[17,31,32],{},"A CRVA per Appendix A must cover the nitric acid plant under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate projections.",[12,34,36],{"id":35},"dnsh-climate-change-adaptation","DNSH: Climate Change Adaptation",[17,38,39],{},"Physical climate risks must be assessed, including extreme heat effects on ammonia oxidation catalyst performance, cooling water availability, and flooding risks to acid storage areas. Adaptation measures must be implemented for all material risks.",[12,41,43],{"id":42},"dnsh-water-and-marine-resources","DNSH: Water and Marine Resources",[17,45,46],{},"The activity must comply with the Water Framework Directive. Process condensate and cooling water discharge must meet BAT-AELs. Nitrate concentrations in wastewater must remain below BAT-AEL levels from the LVIC-AAF BREF. Acid spill containment and neutralisation systems must be in place.",[12,48,50],{"id":49},"dnsh-circular-economy","DNSH: Circular Economy",[17,52,53],{},"Platinum-rhodium gauze catalysts (ammonia burner) must be recovered and recycled. Catalyst catchment systems (palladium-based getter gauzes) must achieve above 80% precious metal recovery. Process steam generated from the exothermic oxidation reaction must be exported or used in integrated downstream processes (e.g. ammonium nitrate or NPK fertiliser production).",[12,55,57],{"id":56},"dnsh-pollution-prevention-and-control","DNSH: Pollution Prevention and Control",[17,59,60],{},"The activity must comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive and LVIC-AAF BREF. NOx emissions in tail gas must not exceed 50-100 ppmv after SCR abatement (BAT-AEL). N2O residual emissions must meet the benchmarks specified above. Ammonia slip from the SCR system must be below 5 ppmv. Acid mist emissions must be controlled with high-efficiency demisters.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":64},"",2,[65,66,67,68,69,70],{"id":14,"depth":63,"text":15},{"id":28,"depth":63,"text":29},{"id":35,"depth":63,"text":36},{"id":42,"depth":63,"text":43},{"id":49,"depth":63,"text":50},{"id":56,"depth":63,"text":57},"Production of nitric acid via catalytic oxidation of ammonia with specific N2O and CO2 emission thresholds.",[73,74,75,76],"cca","water","ce","pp","md",{},[80],"C20.15",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-16-nitric-acid","manufacturing",{"title":5,"description":71},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-16-nitric-acid",[87,73],"ccm","KIWXfrV06WRVcBOwVxdzyakPPNoBigAL91xb2Rg7ExI",{"id":90,"title":91,"activityCount":92,"body":93,"description":106,"extension":77,"icon":107,"meta":108,"naceCodeRange":109,"navigation":81,"objectives":110,"path":111,"sectorNumber":112,"seo":113,"stem":114,"__hash__":115},"sectors_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing.md","Manufacturing",16,{"type":9,"value":94,"toc":104},[95,98,101],[17,96,97],{},"Manufacturing is one of the largest sectors in the EU Taxonomy, covering 16 economic activities across a broad range of industrial production. From cement and steel to batteries and hydrogen, this sector addresses the most carbon-intensive value chains in the European economy.",[17,99,100],{},"The technical screening criteria set ambitious emission intensity thresholds for each manufacturing activity. For example, cement production must meet specific clinker-to-cement ratios and CO2 emission limits, while steel manufacturing must demonstrate compliance with best-available-technology benchmarks. The sector also includes enabling activities -- manufacturing of components for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient equipment.",[17,102,103],{},"Circular economy objectives are particularly relevant here. The Taxonomy requires manufacturers to demonstrate resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and design-for-durability principles. Climate adaptation criteria ensure that production facilities incorporate physical climate risk assessments and implement appropriate resilience measures against flooding, heat stress, and supply chain disruptions.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":105},[],"Industrial production activities aligned with low-carbon processes, energy efficiency, and circular material use.","lucide:factory",{},"C10-C33",[87,73,75],"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing",3,{"title":91,"description":106},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing","OKFZV1iMbCzAc381pxv59rRLbweM_ehvvcLRUGQSGVc",1775591373116]