[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":116},["ShallowReactive",2],{"activity-en-3.15":3,"sector-for-en-3.15":89},{"id":4,"title":5,"activityCode":6,"activityType":7,"body":8,"description":71,"dnsh":72,"extension":77,"meta":78,"naceCodes":79,"navigation":81,"path":82,"sector":83,"seo":84,"stem":85,"substantialContribution":86,"__hash__":88},"activities_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-15-anhydrous-ammonia.md","Manufacture of Anhydrous Ammonia","3.15","standard",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":61},"minimark",[11,16,20,23,26,30,33,37,40,44,47,51,54,58],[12,13,15],"h2",{"id":14},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-mitigation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation",[17,18,19],"p",{},"The specific GHG emissions from ammonia production must not exceed 1.619 tCO2e per tonne of ammonia (EU ETS product benchmark). This covers direct emissions from natural gas reforming (both as feedstock and fuel), CO2 removal from the synthesis gas, and indirect emissions from electricity consumption. Emissions must be verified under the EU ETS Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (EU) 2018\u002F2066.",[17,21,22],{},"Conventional ammonia production via steam methane reforming (SMR) followed by Haber-Bosch synthesis has a theoretical minimum energy consumption of approximately 20.9 GJ\u002Ft NH3 (LHV). BAT as defined in the Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC-AAF) BREF requires net energy consumption below 31 GJ\u002Ft NH3 for modern plants, with optimised primary and secondary reformers, efficient CO2 removal (MDEA or similar solvents), and waste heat recovery for steam export.",[17,24,25],{},"Emerging low-carbon routes include green ammonia (using electrolytic hydrogen from renewable electricity), blue ammonia (with CCS achieving above 90% capture rate), and biomass-based routes. Where CCS is applied, the captured CO2 must be permanently stored per Directive 2009\u002F31\u002FEC or used in long-lived products (e.g. urea for formaldehyde resins, not fertiliser where CO2 is re-released).",[12,27,29],{"id":28},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-adaptation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Adaptation",[17,31,32],{},"A CRVA per Appendix A must cover the ammonia plant under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios over its remaining operational lifetime.",[12,34,36],{"id":35},"dnsh-climate-change-adaptation","DNSH: Climate Change Adaptation",[17,38,39],{},"Physical climate risks must be assessed, including natural gas supply disruption, water scarcity affecting cooling and steam generation, and extreme weather risks to ammonia storage (which is subject to Seveso III Directive requirements).",[12,41,43],{"id":42},"dnsh-water-and-marine-resources","DNSH: Water and Marine Resources",[17,45,46],{},"The activity must comply with the Water Framework Directive. Process condensate and cooling water blowdown must meet BAT-AELs. Ammonia concentrations in wastewater must remain below 10 mg\u002Fl (BAT-AEL from LVIC-AAF BREF). Demineralised water for steam generation must use efficient treatment processes.",[12,48,50],{"id":49},"dnsh-circular-economy","DNSH: Circular Economy",[17,52,53],{},"Process CO2 can be captured and used as feedstock for urea production. Spent catalysts (iron-based synthesis catalyst, nickel-based reforming catalyst) must be returned to suppliers for metal recovery. Process heat must be maximised through steam export and integration with downstream processes.",[12,55,57],{"id":56},"dnsh-pollution-prevention-and-control","DNSH: Pollution Prevention and Control",[17,59,60],{},"The activity must comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive and LVIC-AAF BREF. NOx emissions from the primary reformer must not exceed 100-300 mg\u002FNm3 (depending on fuel and burner type). Ammonia slip from abatement systems must be minimised. Start-up and shutdown venting procedures must include flare gas recovery. Ammonia storage must comply with Seveso III requirements for toxic substance containment.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":64},"",2,[65,66,67,68,69,70],{"id":14,"depth":63,"text":15},{"id":28,"depth":63,"text":29},{"id":35,"depth":63,"text":36},{"id":42,"depth":63,"text":43},{"id":49,"depth":63,"text":50},{"id":56,"depth":63,"text":57},"Production of anhydrous ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process using natural gas, electrolysis-based hydrogen, or other low-carbon feedstocks.",[73,74,75,76],"cca","water","ce","pp","md",{},[80],"C20.15",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-15-anhydrous-ammonia","manufacturing",{"title":5,"description":71},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-15-anhydrous-ammonia",[87,73],"ccm","_9wiQhjtU5hxG9d1RMjnMKA8tyYGvRZ0gg1mUQKw5sY",{"id":90,"title":91,"activityCount":92,"body":93,"description":106,"extension":77,"icon":107,"meta":108,"naceCodeRange":109,"navigation":81,"objectives":110,"path":111,"sectorNumber":112,"seo":113,"stem":114,"__hash__":115},"sectors_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing.md","Manufacturing",16,{"type":9,"value":94,"toc":104},[95,98,101],[17,96,97],{},"Manufacturing is one of the largest sectors in the EU Taxonomy, covering 16 economic activities across a broad range of industrial production. From cement and steel to batteries and hydrogen, this sector addresses the most carbon-intensive value chains in the European economy.",[17,99,100],{},"The technical screening criteria set ambitious emission intensity thresholds for each manufacturing activity. For example, cement production must meet specific clinker-to-cement ratios and CO2 emission limits, while steel manufacturing must demonstrate compliance with best-available-technology benchmarks. The sector also includes enabling activities -- manufacturing of components for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient equipment.",[17,102,103],{},"Circular economy objectives are particularly relevant here. The Taxonomy requires manufacturers to demonstrate resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and design-for-durability principles. Climate adaptation criteria ensure that production facilities incorporate physical climate risk assessments and implement appropriate resilience measures against flooding, heat stress, and supply chain disruptions.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":105},[],"Industrial production activities aligned with low-carbon processes, energy efficiency, and circular material use.","lucide:factory",{},"C10-C33",[87,73,75],"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing",3,{"title":91,"description":106},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing","OKFZV1iMbCzAc381pxv59rRLbweM_ehvvcLRUGQSGVc",1775591373112]