[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":116},["ShallowReactive",2],{"activity-en-3.13":3,"sector-for-en-3.13":89},{"id":4,"title":5,"activityCode":6,"activityType":7,"body":8,"description":71,"dnsh":72,"extension":77,"meta":78,"naceCodes":79,"navigation":81,"path":82,"sector":83,"seo":84,"stem":85,"substantialContribution":86,"__hash__":88},"activities_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-13-chlorine.md","Manufacture of Chlorine","3.13","standard",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":61},"minimark",[11,16,20,23,26,30,33,37,40,44,47,51,54,58],[12,13,15],"h2",{"id":14},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-mitigation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation",[17,18,19],"p",{},"The specific GHG emissions from chlor-alkali electrolysis must not exceed 0.285 tCO2e per tonne of chlorine, reflecting the EU ETS product benchmark. Since chlorine production is predominantly electricity-driven, the key performance metric is specific electricity consumption, which must be consistent with BAT levels: below 2,790 kWh AC per tonne of chlorine for membrane cells (the only BAT-compliant technology since the mercury cell phase-out deadline of December 2017).",[17,21,22],{},"Emissions are calculated covering direct process emissions (primarily from hydrogen co-product handling) and indirect emissions from electricity consumption, verified under the EU ETS Monitoring and Reporting Regulation. The mercury cell process is no longer considered BAT and existing mercury cell plants must have been converted to membrane technology in accordance with the BAT conclusions in the Chlor-Alkali BREF (2014) and the Minamata Convention.",[17,24,25],{},"BAT requires optimised membrane cell design with low-resistance membranes, high-performance electrodes (DSA anodes, activated cathodes), and zero-gap or near-zero-gap cell configurations to minimise electrical resistance. Hydrogen co-product must be recovered and used as chemical feedstock or fuel, not vented.",[12,27,29],{"id":28},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-adaptation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Adaptation",[17,31,32],{},"A CRVA per Appendix A must cover the electrolysis plant under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate projections.",[12,34,36],{"id":35},"dnsh-climate-change-adaptation","DNSH: Climate Change Adaptation",[17,38,39],{},"Physical climate risks must be assessed, including risks from flooding (chlorine is a hazardous gas requiring Seveso-level containment), power supply interruptions from extreme weather, and temperature effects on electrolysis efficiency.",[12,41,43],{"id":42},"dnsh-water-and-marine-resources","DNSH: Water and Marine Resources",[17,45,46],{},"The activity must comply with the Water Framework Directive. Brine purge and process wastewater discharge must meet BAT-AELs from the Chlor-Alkali BREF. Chlorate and bromate levels in discharge must be minimised. Brine must be purified to prevent mercury, if any legacy contamination exists, from entering water bodies.",[12,48,50],{"id":49},"dnsh-circular-economy","DNSH: Circular Economy",[17,52,53],{},"Spent membranes and electrodes must be recycled where feasible. Brine recycling loops must be maintained to minimise salt consumption. Hydrogen co-product must be fully utilised, not flared.",[12,55,57],{"id":56},"dnsh-pollution-prevention-and-control","DNSH: Pollution Prevention and Control",[17,59,60],{},"The activity must comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive and Chlor-Alkali BREF. Chlorine emissions to air must not exceed 0.2-0.5 mg\u002FNm3 at the stack. Asbestos diaphragms are no longer BAT. Mercury emissions (from legacy sites) must not exceed 1 microgram\u002FNm3. Storage and handling of chlorine must comply with the Seveso III Directive.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":64},"",2,[65,66,67,68,69,70],{"id":14,"depth":63,"text":15},{"id":28,"depth":63,"text":29},{"id":35,"depth":63,"text":36},{"id":42,"depth":63,"text":43},{"id":49,"depth":63,"text":50},{"id":56,"depth":63,"text":57},"Production of chlorine and sodium\u002Fpotassium hydroxide via electrolysis of brine with specific electricity consumption thresholds.",[73,74,75,76],"cca","water","ce","pp","md",{},[80],"C20.13",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-13-chlorine","manufacturing",{"title":5,"description":71},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-13-chlorine",[87,73],"ccm","jXmugtLH7u1i16qfhbbW7lf6CTupJRyLXM2zkR-VI-w",{"id":90,"title":91,"activityCount":92,"body":93,"description":106,"extension":77,"icon":107,"meta":108,"naceCodeRange":109,"navigation":81,"objectives":110,"path":111,"sectorNumber":112,"seo":113,"stem":114,"__hash__":115},"sectors_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing.md","Manufacturing",16,{"type":9,"value":94,"toc":104},[95,98,101],[17,96,97],{},"Manufacturing is one of the largest sectors in the EU Taxonomy, covering 16 economic activities across a broad range of industrial production. From cement and steel to batteries and hydrogen, this sector addresses the most carbon-intensive value chains in the European economy.",[17,99,100],{},"The technical screening criteria set ambitious emission intensity thresholds for each manufacturing activity. For example, cement production must meet specific clinker-to-cement ratios and CO2 emission limits, while steel manufacturing must demonstrate compliance with best-available-technology benchmarks. The sector also includes enabling activities -- manufacturing of components for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient equipment.",[17,102,103],{},"Circular economy objectives are particularly relevant here. The Taxonomy requires manufacturers to demonstrate resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and design-for-durability principles. Climate adaptation criteria ensure that production facilities incorporate physical climate risk assessments and implement appropriate resilience measures against flooding, heat stress, and supply chain disruptions.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":105},[],"Industrial production activities aligned with low-carbon processes, energy efficiency, and circular material use.","lucide:factory",{},"C10-C33",[87,73,75],"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing",3,{"title":91,"description":106},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing","OKFZV1iMbCzAc381pxv59rRLbweM_ehvvcLRUGQSGVc",1775591373105]