[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":116},["ShallowReactive",2],{"activity-en-3.10":3,"sector-for-en-3.10":89},{"id":4,"title":5,"activityCode":6,"activityType":7,"body":8,"description":71,"dnsh":72,"extension":77,"meta":78,"naceCodes":79,"navigation":81,"path":82,"sector":83,"seo":84,"stem":85,"substantialContribution":86,"__hash__":88},"activities_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-10-hydrogen.md","Manufacture of Hydrogen","3.10","standard",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":61},"minimark",[11,16,20,23,26,30,33,37,40,44,47,51,54,58],[12,13,15],"h2",{"id":14},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-mitigation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation",[17,18,19],"p",{},"The lifecycle GHG emissions of hydrogen production must be below 3 tCO2e per tonne of hydrogen, corresponding to a 73.4% reduction compared to the fossil fuel comparator of 94 gCO2e\u002FMJ (11.3 tCO2e\u002FtH2). This threshold aligns with the methodology established in the Delegated Acts under Article 29a of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) and the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023\u002F1184.",[17,21,22],{},"For electrolytic hydrogen, the electricity must meet the additionality, temporal correlation, and geographical correlation requirements for renewable hydrogen as defined in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023\u002F1184. For hydrogen from steam methane reforming (SMR) or autothermal reforming (ATR) with carbon capture and storage, the CO2 capture rate must be at least 90%, with captured CO2 permanently stored in accordance with Directive 2009\u002F31\u002FEC on geological storage.",[17,24,25],{},"Emissions accounting must cover the full lifecycle including upstream methane emissions (for natural gas feedstock), process emissions, energy inputs, CO2 transport and storage losses, and any vented or fugitive emissions. Measurement must follow ISO 14687 for hydrogen purity standards.",[12,27,29],{"id":28},"substantial-contribution-to-climate-change-adaptation","Substantial Contribution to Climate Change Adaptation",[17,31,32],{},"A CRVA per Appendix A must be performed, covering the hydrogen production facility and associated infrastructure (pipelines, storage, renewable energy assets) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios.",[12,34,36],{"id":35},"dnsh-climate-change-adaptation","DNSH: Climate Change Adaptation",[17,38,39],{},"Physical climate risks to the production facility must be assessed, including water availability for electrolysis, temperature effects on electrolyser efficiency, and flooding or storm damage to associated renewable energy installations.",[12,41,43],{"id":42},"dnsh-water-and-marine-resources","DNSH: Water and Marine Resources",[17,45,46],{},"Electrolysis requires approximately 9 litres of demineralised water per kg H2. The activity must comply with the Water Framework Directive and must not cause deterioration of water body status. Water sourcing in water-stressed regions must include water efficiency measures and alternative sourcing (e.g. desalination, treated wastewater).",[12,48,50],{"id":49},"dnsh-circular-economy","DNSH: Circular Economy",[17,52,53],{},"Electrolyser stack components (membrane electrode assemblies, bipolar plates) must be designed for refurbishment and recycling. Platinum group metal catalysts must be recovered at end of life. Equipment must be designed for modular replacement and upgrade.",[12,55,57],{"id":56},"dnsh-pollution-prevention-and-control","DNSH: Pollution Prevention and Control",[17,59,60],{},"The activity must comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive where applicable. For SMR\u002FATR routes, NOx emissions must meet BAT-AELs from the Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals BREF. Amine-based CO2 capture systems must control amine slip and degradation product emissions. Hydrogen storage and handling must comply with ATEX Directive requirements.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":64},"",2,[65,66,67,68,69,70],{"id":14,"depth":63,"text":15},{"id":28,"depth":63,"text":29},{"id":35,"depth":63,"text":36},{"id":42,"depth":63,"text":43},{"id":49,"depth":63,"text":50},{"id":56,"depth":63,"text":57},"Production of hydrogen via electrolysis, steam methane reforming with CCS, or other low-carbon pathways meeting lifecycle emission thresholds.",[73,74,75,76],"cca","water","ce","pp","md",{},[80],"C20.11",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-10-hydrogen","manufacturing",{"title":5,"description":71},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing\u002Factivities\u002F3-10-hydrogen",[87,73],"ccm","0QaUnB25TTofFE8Yg4V4qkyzbgWzh8vSWxJ0hUe62-w",{"id":90,"title":91,"activityCount":92,"body":93,"description":106,"extension":77,"icon":107,"meta":108,"naceCodeRange":109,"navigation":81,"objectives":110,"path":111,"sectorNumber":112,"seo":113,"stem":114,"__hash__":115},"sectors_en\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing.md","Manufacturing",16,{"type":9,"value":94,"toc":104},[95,98,101],[17,96,97],{},"Manufacturing is one of the largest sectors in the EU Taxonomy, covering 16 economic activities across a broad range of industrial production. From cement and steel to batteries and hydrogen, this sector addresses the most carbon-intensive value chains in the European economy.",[17,99,100],{},"The technical screening criteria set ambitious emission intensity thresholds for each manufacturing activity. For example, cement production must meet specific clinker-to-cement ratios and CO2 emission limits, while steel manufacturing must demonstrate compliance with best-available-technology benchmarks. The sector also includes enabling activities -- manufacturing of components for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient equipment.",[17,102,103],{},"Circular economy objectives are particularly relevant here. The Taxonomy requires manufacturers to demonstrate resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and design-for-durability principles. Climate adaptation criteria ensure that production facilities incorporate physical climate risk assessments and implement appropriate resilience measures against flooding, heat stress, and supply chain disruptions.",{"title":62,"searchDepth":63,"depth":63,"links":105},[],"Industrial production activities aligned with low-carbon processes, energy efficiency, and circular material use.","lucide:factory",{},"C10-C33",[87,73,75],"\u002Fen\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing",3,{"title":91,"description":106},"en\u002Fsectors\u002Fmanufacturing","OKFZV1iMbCzAc381pxv59rRLbweM_ehvvcLRUGQSGVc",1775591373087]